배철호 Chul Ho Bae , 박홍조 Hong Jo Park , 황용우 Yong Woo Hwang

DOI:

Abstract

The incinerator is chosen as a target of LCM (Life Cycle Management), because it is the typical environmental facility creating many kinds of data and a plant with multi-technologies. Firstly, input and emitted pollutants were studied. Secondly, IT system was built to manage overall performance, economical feasibility and functionality. The system evaluates environmental conditions in real time by monitoring atmosphere, water and soil condition. Moreover, the program is suggested for reflecting the field conditions of facility characteristics and nation-wide administrative LCM system presenting a model for managing all aspects of facility planning, design, construction, operation, abolition and so on. It is expected to have a total management system which can control overall environmental administration by compensating the function to verify in the existing environmental condition management system. It means that the feedback monitoring system can be well managed in a building construction process of the environmental infrastructure.

Key Words

Life Cycle Management, MSW, Incinerator

송명기 Myoung Ki Song , 나춘기 Choon Ki Na

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Abstract

In order to study the usability of swine wastewater as an organic resource for ethanol production, the effects of pretreatment including coagulation and hydrolysis on the reduced sugar production from swine wastewater were investigated. In this study, the swine wastewater was treated by the coagulation with cationic polymer flocculant and/or acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis with HCl, H2SO4, H2O2 and NaOH at various temperatures for 1 h, and then the saccharification with addition of AMG and Viscozyme L. as enzymes at 55℃ for 18 h to produce the reduced sugar from swine wastewater in more economy and quantities. Maximum reduced sugar was obtained from the coagulated sludge when it was hydrolyzed with HCl or H2SO4 at 130℃ for 1 h. The concentration of reduced sugar was found to be higher than 150,000 mg/L indicating a sufficient amount to economically produce the bio-ethanol. The theoretical ethanol production from this concentration range of reduced sugar was calculated to be approximately 80 g/L. The results obtained from this study indicate that the swine wastewater can be used as an inexpensive organic resource for bio-ethanol production after concentration of organic matter by coagulation and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of organic compounds with HCl or H2SO4 under a proper condition.

Key Words

Swine wastewater, Saccharification, Bio-ethanol, Coagulation, Hydrolysis

민형식 Hyeong Sik Min , 송지현 Ji Hyeon Song , 김한승 Han S. Kim

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Abstract

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was employed to control the malodorous volatile sulfur compounds in the sewage system. Electricity generation began immediately after the system run and the circuit voltage increased up to a maximum level of 4.44 mV. Oxidation-reduction potential at the surface of anode was maintained at the level higher than -30 mV (vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode, SHE) over the first 8 days and then dropped to the level slightly lower than -100 mV (vs. SHE). No marked variation in the sulfate level (~120 mg/L) was observed during the first 8 days, followed by a notable decrease as well. Such phenomena appeared to be attributable to the iron reducing microbes who played a major role in delivering electricity, resulting in suppressing the activity and/or growth of sulfate reducing bacteria in the initial phase and the subsequent oxidation of sulfide compounds that were microbially reduced from sulfate in the area away from the anode and passively transported to the anode. Consequently, the reduction rate of hydrogen sulfide was as much as 61.1% after 15 days of system operation. The results demonstrated in this study are useful for the design of an MFC-based and self-energy generating device for controlling and monitoring malodorous compounds generated in the urban swage system.

Key Words

Odor control, Microbial fuel cell, Volatile sulfur compounds, Sulfate reducing bacteria

이상우 Sang Woo Lee , 신준배 Jun Bae Shin , 김광렬 Kwang Yul Kim

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Abstract

The main goal of this study is to develop a recycling method using coal ash (bottom ash) and sewage sludge as materials for fabricating light clay bricks. In the experiment, the bottom ash used as supplementary material with clay and sewage sludge added as a blowing agent. Characteristics for manufactured light clay brick was investigated depending on various conditions such as mixture ratio, calcination temperature and time. The results showed that the calcination temperature and time were enough to satisfy the Korean Standard of clay brick at 1150℃ and 1hr, respectively. The compressive strength and water absorption under 9:1 (clay:weathered granite) were 41.0 N/mm2 and 7.4%, which is correspond with 1st grade brick standard. When sewage sludge was added as blowing agent to fabricate light weight clay brick, the value of compressive strength and water absorption were 11.12 N/mm2 and 14.5%, which is applicable to 3rd grade brick standard. The leaching test including KLT (Korea Leaching Test) and TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) applied to assess environmental risk caused by heavy metals. The results revealed that concentration of leached heavy metals was lower than allowable level in KLT and TCLP.

Key Words

Clay brick, Sewage sludge, TCLP

이승범 Seung Bum Lee , 박윤신 Yoon Shin Park , 이재동 Jae Dong Lee

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Abstract

Animal oil is superior to vegetable oil in oxidation stability and low incomplete combustion due to higher heating value and cetane number. But animal oil has more saturated fatty acids and impurities which needs to be purified. In this study, we produced biodiesel by mixing waste chicken oil as animal oil and canola oil as vegetable oil and their characteristics were observed by their mixing ratio. Biodiesel yield was increasing by the decrease of the mole ratio of methanol/mixedoil if mixed-oil is composed of higher ratio of canola oil, but was reversed with higher ratio of waste chicken oil. As produced biodiesel was satisfied the quality criteria, biodiesel can be produced using the canola and waste chicken mixed oil by controling methanol/mixed oil mole ratio.

Key Words

Waste chicken oil, Esterification, Biodiesel, Methyl ester content, Heating value

배준영 Jun Young Bae , 장영일 Young Il Jang , 박승범 Seung Bum Park , 김윤용 Yun Yong Kim

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Abstract

This paper evaluates the properties of mortar produced with industrial by-products by experiments designed to provide basic data for the manufacture of highly durable concrete for ocean applications. According to the results, silica fumes have the strongest effect on flow properties and chloride diffusion coefficient with a confidence level of 99% or more affect, and a fluid examination must be performed in case of excessive mixing. Fly ash has the strongest effect on the compression strength of mortar, and it is necessary to consider the improvement method to avoid decreasing the strength of concrete. Also, the long-term strength and chloride ion penetration resistance was improved when a multiple-mixed cement utilizing industrial by-products was used. It is thought that a study has to be performed such as the strength properties and chloride diffusivity of concrete in terms of the mixing condition of industrial by-products.

Key Words

Experiment design, Multiple mixed cement, Compressive strength, Chloride diffusivity, Mortar

임병란 Byung Ran Lim , 조기중 Gi Joong Cho , 정연훈 Yeon Hoon Jung , 양재경 Jae Kyung Yang , 이수구 Soo Koo Lee

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Abstract

Methane and nitrous oxide from livestock wastewater treatment plants are well known as greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to the global warming. In this study, the emission factor and amount of Methane (CH4) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) from different livestock wastewater treatment plants were investigated. The average value of emission factor of CH4 from liquid cloding process was estimated to be 9.7 gCH4/m3-wastewater. And that of storage tank in anaerobic digestion process was 1,440 gCH4/m3-wastewater which showed the highest value. This is mainly due to the higher influent organic concentration in anaerobic digestion plant than the liquid cloding process. In addition, emission factor of N2O (23.2 gN2O/m3) in bio-ceramic sequencing batch reactor (BCS) was more than three times higher than in liquid cloding process (8.4 gN2O/m3). The emission amounts of CH4 and N2O expressed as CO2 equivalent were calculated using global warming potential values, and the results are 2,249.5 tonCO2/yr in liquid cloding process, 2,349.5 tonCO2/yr in BCS plant and 2,979.4 tonCO2/yr in anaerobic digestion plant. This result indicates the GHGs emission amount in livestock wastewater treatment plants is dependent on the treatment process types and influent concentration.

Key Words

Methane, Nitrous oxide, Emission factor, Livestock wastewater treatment

민달기 Dal Ki Min

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Abstract

This paper is a research on the reformation of the waste classification and settlement of the Korean waste catalogue and code (KWC) in order to enhance the confidence of waste management and statistics. The construction of waste database is an indispensable work for the optimal waste management. Present KWC have some troublesome problems, such as that is regulated by order and that is classified by waste composition, and etc. To accomplish the final goals of the waste management, the waste have to be classified by the 24-sorts of waste raw materials. And to consolidate the waste code, to manage the waste optimally, and to computerize the waste flux automatically, we design the waste code by 6-digit number containing waste source (2-digit) and waste characteristics (4-digit).

Key Words

Waste law & policy, Waste classification, Korean waste catalogue and code, KWC, 6-Digit number

김진만 Jin Man Kim , 김하석 Ha Suk Kim , 이대근 Dae Geun Lee , 강철 Cheol Kang

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Abstract

This study is a part of the research for recycling of waste concrete powder that is generated from the recycling process of construction waste, the purpose of this study is to confirm the applicability of waste concrete powder as silica source for the manufacture of autoclaved calcium silicate hydrate. Before test, we analyzed properties of waste concrete powder subsequently accomplished test. The experimental factors are particle size and replacement ratio of waste concrete powder, and test items are slurry density, flow, slurry, dry density, compressive strength, SEM, and XRD for hydrates after autoclave curing are carried out respectively. The experiment results showed that the variations of slurry density were very small according to the variations of particle size and replacement ratios, in the flow results the more replacement ratio increased, the more flow decreased especially 75 μm series. At hardened state, dry density and compressive strength tend to decrease in higher replacement ratio. In the results of SEM and XRD, tobermorite generated by autoclave curing was generated well all specimens regardless of replacement ratio. The growth of tobermorite tends to weak with a higher replacement ratio.

Key Words

Waste concrete powder, Lightweight foamed concrete, Hydrothermal-reaction, Tobermorite

안석헌 Seok Hun Ahn , 이봉춘 Bong Chun Lee , 정상화 Sang Hwa Jung , 권정구 Jeong Goo Kweon , 김주형 Joo Hyung Kim

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Abstract

Recently, due to rapid increase in power consumption by industrial development, fly ashes generated in coal fired power plants are expected to continue to increase. It is, however, difficult to secure additional ash treatment facilities, which leads to consideration of effective pond-ash utilization. The purpose of this study is to analyze probability of using pond-ash for greenroof`s artificial soil. According to the study results, proportion of pond-ash artificial soil is yellowish brown soil with 60% utilization of pond-ash. It shows satisfactory physicochemical properties of pH 7.2, EC (ms) 1.02, CEC 19.37, humidity containing weight per unit area 70 kg/m2 and porosity 40%. It is assumed that the soil can be applied to light green roof vegetation as it does not generate toxicity in plant body. In addition, when vegetation change was reviewed after mack-up test of 2 kinds of artificial soil (pond-ash artificial soil/peat moss artificial soil), the pond-ash artificial soil shows the same or better performances as compared the peat moss artificial soil in terms of rootage, leaves, stem growth and survival rate. If pond-ash artificial soil is used for green roof materials, industrial by-products can be utilized in an environment-friendly way and conventional expensive green roof materials can be replaced by reasonable materials, which enables economic green roof distribution.

Key Words

Greenroof, Pond-ash, Peat-moss, CEC

허려화 Ryeo Hwa Heo , 구재회 Jae Hoi Gu , 박수남 Soo Nam Park , 성호진 Ho Jin Sung , 김나랑 Na Rang Kim , 임용택 Yong Taek Lim , 박용철 Young Cheol Park , 서용교 Young Kyo Sue

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Abstract

The experimental results of rice husk gasification were presented, with air as the oxidant in the updraft type fixed bed gasifier. The operation pressure of gasifier is in the range of -30 ~ 0 mmAq, the loading rate of rice husk is in the range of 315.6 ~ 473.5 kg/m2·h and the air flow rate is 120 Nm3/h. The results showed that the concentration of CO decreased with the increasing of gasifying temperature, but the concentration of H2 increased. And according to the data of concentration of (CO + H2+ CH4), it showed that the total concentration of (CO + H2+ CH4) had a decreasing trend with increasing the furnace loading rate. And, the calorific value of char was 4840 kcal/kg, and the calorific value of tar was 6800 kcal/kg.

Key Words

Rice husk, Gasification, Updraft type, Fixed bed

Jung Hui Woo , Young Chae Song

DOI:

Abstract

A study on the continuous biohydrogen production from food waste was performed using a thermophilic anaerobic hydrogen fermentation system with continuous heat treatment; the system consisted of a thermophilic hydrogen fermentation vessel (30 L, 55℃), a heat treatment vessel (0.67 L, 100℃), and a pump for the recirculation from the fermentation vessel to the heat treatment vessel. During the 85 days of system operation, methanogenic activity in the hydrogen fermentation vessel was effectively suppressed by continuously treating the fermenting materials with heat; the key to controlling methanogenic activity was the retention time (30-60 minutes) in the heat treatment vessel, as well as the pH (5.5-6.0). The performance of the system, including hydrogen yield, process stability, and removal of volatile solids (VS), was affected by both the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the organic loading rate (OLR) for the hydrogen fermentation vessel. For an OLR of 10 g VS/L/d, the hydrogen yield was 0.074 L H2/g VSadded for an HRT of 3 days. However, for an HRT of 6 days, the hydrogen yield was increased to 0.11 L H2/g VSadded. For an HRT of 3 days, when the OLR was increased from 10 to 20 g VS/L/d, a slightly higher hydrogen yield, 0.086 L H2/g VSadded, was obtained. In the case of VS removal, 69.9% was obtained at an HRT of 6 days and an ORL of 10 g VS/L/d, which was higher than that at a higher OLR or a lower HRT. The obtained results would be useful in the designing of a plant that produces biohydrogen from food waste.

Key Words

Biohydrogen, Methane, Food waste, Thermophilic, Two stage, Heat treatment

정승재 Seung Jae Jung , 김정훈 Jeong Hun Kim , 조성진 Sung Jin Cho , 윤영식 Yong Sik Yun , 정해영 Hae Young Jung , 이장수 Jang Soo Lee , 이기배 Ki Bae Lee , Deepak Pudasainee , 서용칠 Yong Chil Seo , 정태호 Tae Ho Jung

DOI:

Abstract

Landfill restoration combustible wastes and plastic wastes could be utilized as auxiliary fuels since such wastes having enough calorific value give economic benefit to save energy in the facility. However environmental issue during the use of wastes as a fuel in the kiln is always arising and the operator must show the environmental soundness in air pollutants emission into atmosphere and containment of heavy metals in cement product. Comparative experiments were carried out by introducing RPF (refuse plastic fuel), fluff type wastes, which are prior to processing into RDF, and pre-treated landfill restoration wastes as auxiliary fuels at a commercial cement kiln plant. Heavy metals content in all wastes (RPF, fluff, landfill waste) and concentration in emission gases were measured and checked with Korean regulatory limit values. Most of particulate matter was properly collected in air pollution control devices and mercury compounds were mainly contributed from coal. The results of heavy metal concentrations in clinker product showed that the amount of chromium containing clinker was under the regulatory limit value and it seemed to be also contributed from the waste fed. In overall the use of a certain limited amount (about 20% inclusion of wastes in this study) of landfill restoration combustible wastes pre-treated could be acceptable as co-burning fuels. Further systematic tests could be needed for reliable environmental assessment in future utilization.

Key Words

Cement kiln, Heavy metals, Waste incineration, Landfill restoration waste

김지혜 Ji Hye Kim , 박상원 Sang Won Park

DOI:

Abstract

The objective of this research is to reuse of salt-wastewater using NF-membrane. Membrane Pilot System was designed to draw the optimal operation condition, and NF membrane (woongjin NF4040-70) was adopted. Membrane Pilot System was operated for 20 hr/day, and rinsed at 40℃ after then. To understand the effect of salt concentration and temperature, the concentration was varied to 8%, 10% and 13% respectively, the temperature was also adjusted to 5℃ and 15℃. In case of flux, there was no significant change during system operation. Furthermore, the value of flux was recovered and average collection rate revealed 90% after experiment. From the fact that flux decreased 14% with increasing 13% of salt concentration, It can be known that salt wastewater was highly contaminated. In addition, it was also founded that the more the temperature increases, the better flux efficiency is.

Key Words

Membrane, Salt Wastewater